Dipsacus fullonum (D. sylvestris) – Robust biennial ornamental garden plant

Dipsacus fullonum, also known as Wild Teasel or Evening Primrose, is a striking biennial ornamental garden plant that adds both architectural structure and ecological value to gardens. In its first year, the plant forms a rosette of leaves, after which it develops a tall, spiky flower stalk in its second year. These impressive stalks can reach a height of 1.5 to 2.5 meters, making the plant ideal for back borders, wild gardens, and natural plantings.

Its robust growth, hardiness, and unique flowers make Dipsacus fullonum a favorite among gardeners who want to combine ornamental value with ecological benefits.

Flowers and nectar for pollinators

The flowers of Dipsacus fullonum appear in dense, cylindrical to oval flower heads, 4–10 cm long, at the tips of the stems. They are usually pale lilac or lavender in color and bloom in rings that expand from the center outward, creating an interesting and dynamic flowering pattern.

Each flower is surrounded by long, spiky bracts that curve upward, giving the flower heads a characteristic, spiky appearance. The flowers are a rich source of nectar for bees and butterflies, contributing to biodiversity in the garden.

After flowering, seed heads develop that are attractive to birds, making the plant not only visually but also ecologically valuable. It's an excellent choice for gardens that want to support wildlife and pollinators.

Plant structure and growth

Dipsacus fullonum is a biennial plant with a clear growth cycle:

• First year: Formation of a rosette of leaves at the base; the plant focuses on root development and leaf growth.

• Second year: Development of tall, spiky flower stems that bloom profusely and add structural height to borders.

The prickly stems and leaves also offer natural protection against animals that might damage the plant. The combination of long stems, flower heads, and robust structure makes Dipsacus fullonum perfect for backgrounds in borders and wild gardens.

Cultivation and care

Dipsacus fullonum is relatively easy to grow and requires little maintenance. For optimal growth and flowering, the following applies:

• Location: Full sun to partial shade for maximum flower development

• Soil: Well-drained, nutritious and slightly moist; tolerant of various soil types

• Watering: Regularly in the first year, mature plants are drought tolerant

• Maintenance: Leave the stems after flowering for winter structure and bird food; can be pruned back in spring to encourage new growth.

• Winter hardiness: Very winter hardy, suitable for temperate climates

Dipsacus fullonum can be used in both formal borders and wild, natural garden designs, adding height, texture and ecological value.

Why choose Dipsacus fullonum (D. sylvestris)?

• Robust biennial plant with impressive height and architectural appearance

• Cylindrical to oval flower heads in light lilac or lavender, blooming from the center outwards

• Spiny bracts that protect the flower heads and provide structure

• Nectar source for bees and butterflies, ecologically valuable

• Seed heads as food for birds, supports biodiversity in the garden

• Low maintenance and winter hardy, suitable for natural and wild gardens