Cynara cardunculus – The versatile cardoon

Cynara cardunculus, known in Dutch as cardoon or artichoke thistle, is an impressive Mediterranean plant that offers both ornamental value and culinary and medicinal uses. The plant belongs to the Asteraceae family and is closely related to the artichoke ( Cynara scolymus ). With its imposing rosettes of leaves, sturdy stems, and decorative purple flowers, Cynara cardunculus is a striking addition to any garden. Furthermore, the plant has been used for centuries as a vegetable, medicinal plant, and source of natural enzymes.

Origin and botanical characteristics

Cynara cardunculus originates from the Mediterranean region, where it experiences dry summers and mild winters. The plant produces large, silvery-gray leaves that can reach over a meter in length. These deeply incised leaves have a spiky appearance, giving the plant a robust and almost sculptural character.

In summer, the plant develops tall stems topped with spherical flower heads that blossom into beautiful purple thistle-like blooms. These flowers attract not only garden enthusiasts but also bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Thanks to its height—sometimes reaching 2 meters or more—Cynara cardunculus is ideal as a standalone plant or as an architectural element in a border.

Culinary value

The cardoon is an ancient vegetable, particularly popular in Southern Europe. The edible parts are the thickened leaf stalks, which, after blanching, develop a soft, delicate flavor reminiscent of artichokes and celery. The stalks are traditionally boiled, stewed, or baked in casseroles. In Italy and Spain, cardoon dishes are part of winter cuisine, where the vegetable is served with cheese sauce, lemon, cream, or even in stews.

Although less common outside the Mediterranean region, cardoon has gained popularity in recent years thanks to its distinctive flavor and culinary versatility. The flower heads are also edible, similar to those of the artichoke, although they are generally smaller and less fleshy.

Health benefits and traditional uses

Cynara cardunculus contains several bioactive compounds, including cynarin, bitter compounds, and antioxidants. These compounds contribute to several known health benefits:

• support of liver function

• promote digestion

• lowering cholesterol

• antioxidant effect

• stimulation of bile production

In traditional herbal medicine, cardoon was used for digestive problems, fatigue, and detoxification. The plant is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties.

A unique aspect of Cynara cardunculus is the use of its stigmas as a natural rennet in certain Mediterranean cheeses, such as Portuguese Serra da Estrela. This plant-based rennet is popular with vegetarians and provides a unique creamy, slightly spicy flavor.

Growing and care

Cynara cardunculus is relatively easy to grow, provided it receives sufficient sunlight and well-drained soil. Some growing tips:

• Plant in a sunny, warm spot.

• Provide nutritious, loose and calcareous soil.

• Water regularly, especially during dry periods, but avoid wet feet.

• Remove spent flowers to encourage new growth or leave them for ornamental value and seeds.

• In severe winters, protect the plant with mulch or leaves.

The plant is a perennial, but in colder climates it sometimes behaves as a short-lived perennial. Due to its large size, it requires ample space.

Decorative value in the garden

With its silvery-gray foliage, robust habit, and striking flowers, Cynara cardunculus is a beautiful ornamental plant. It combines well with Mediterranean plantings, as well as with modern prairie gardens and sleek landscaped gardens. Its architectural shape and height make the cardoon ideal for use as a statement plant.