Broccoli

Growing broccoli requires attention to soil preparation, planting schedules, and maintenance. Here’s a step-by-step guide:

1. Timing: Plant broccoli seeds indoors 6–8 weeks before the last frost, or sow directly in the garden in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest.
2. Soil preparation: Broccoli thrives in fertile, well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Enrich the soil with compost or well-rotted manure before planting.
3. Spacing: Space plants 18–24 inches apart in rows, ensuring enough room for the heads to form.
4. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged to prevent stress on the plants.

To grow healthy broccoli, provide these optimal conditions:

• Sunlight: Broccoli grows best in full sun but can tolerate partial shade in warmer climates.
• Temperature: Ideal temperatures range between 55°F and 75°F. Excess heat can cause broccoli to bolt.
• Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer or side-dress with compost as the plants grow to encourage head development.

Broccoli is ready to harvest when the central head is firm, tight, and about 4–8 inches in diameter. Follow these steps:

1. Cut the main head from the stem with a sharp knife, leaving several inches of stem attached.
2. After harvesting the central head, the plant will continue to produce smaller side shoots for additional harvests.
3. Harvest in the morning for the freshest taste and longest shelf life.

Proper storage keeps broccoli fresh and crisp for longer:

• Refrigeration: Store broccoli unwashed in the refrigerator, wrapped loosely in a plastic bag, for up to a week.
• Freezing: Blanch broccoli florets and stems in boiling water, then freeze for long-term storage.
• Root cellar storage: In a cool, humid environment (32–40°F), broccoli can last a few weeks when kept in perforated bags.